List of Abbreviations
|
A-S-I |
Avoid-Shift-Improve |
|
A-S-I-F |
Activity–Structure–Intensity–Factor |
|
A2Z |
Accelerating to Zero Coalition |
|
A4E |
Airlines For Europe |
|
AAAM |
African Association of Automotive Manufacturers |
|
ACEA |
European Automobile Manufacturers Association |
|
ACI |
Airports Council International Europe |
|
ACT |
ACT benchmarking methodology |
|
ADA |
Americans with Disabilities |
|
ADB |
Asian Development Bank |
|
AfCFTA |
African Continental Free Trade Area |
|
AFD |
Agence Française de Développement |
|
AfDB |
African Development Bank |
|
AFIR |
Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (EU) |
|
AI |
Artificial intelligence |
|
ALICE |
Alliance for Logistics Innovation through Collaboration in Europe |
|
ALP |
Asia LEDS Partnership |
|
ANWAC |
African Network for Walking and Cycling |
|
APS |
Announced Pledges Scenario |
|
ARENA |
Australian Renewable Energy Agency |
|
ARTC |
Australian Rail Track Corporation |
|
ASEAN |
Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
|
AVERE |
European Association for Electromobility |
|
B10 / B30 / B100 |
10% / 30% / 100% biofuel blend |
|
BAU |
Business as usual |
|
BEV |
Battery electric vehicle |
|
BMZ |
German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development |
|
BRT |
Bus rapid transit |
|
BTR |
Biennial transparency reports of the Paris Agreement |
|
BS |
Bharat Stage |
|
C40 |
C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group |
|
CAF |
Development Bank of Latin America |
|
CAFE |
Corporate Average Fuel Economy |
|
CARB |
California Air Resources Board |
|
CBI |
Confederation of British Industry |
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CCF |
Corporate Carbon Footprint |
|
CDP |
Carbon Disclosure Project |
|
CDR |
Carbon Dioxide Removal |
|
CDRI |
Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure |
|
CEVA |
Corporate Electric Vehicle alliance |
|
CH₄ |
Methane |
|
CII |
Carbon Intensity Indicator (ship operational efficiency) |
|
CITA |
International Motor Vehicles Inspection Committee |
|
CLEPA |
European Association of Automotive Suppliers |
|
CLG |
Corporate Leaders Group |
|
CNAM |
National Conservatory of Art and Crafts of Paris |
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CNG |
Compressed natural gas |
|
CO2 |
Carbon dioxide |
|
CO2eq |
Carbon dioxide equivalent |
|
COP |
Conference of the Parties to the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) |
|
CORSIA |
Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation |
|
CountEmissionsEU |
Proposed EU regulation setting a common method to calculate/report GHG emissions from transport services |
|
CRS |
(OECD) Creditor Reporting System |
|
CUTRIC |
Canadian Urban Transit Research & Innovation Consortium |
|
DAC |
(OECD) Development Assistance Committee |
|
DACCS |
Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage |
|
DFI(s) |
Development finance institution(s) |
|
DRC |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
|
DT4A |
Digital Transport for Africa |
|
DWT |
Deadweight tonnage |
|
e-bike |
Electric bike |
|
e-scooter |
Electric scooter |
|
EAMAU |
African School of Architecture and Urban Planning |
|
ECA |
Export Credit Agency |
|
ECF |
European Cyclists’ Federation |
|
ECOWAS |
Economic Community of West African States |
|
EDGAR |
Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research |
|
EEA |
European Economic Area |
|
EEDI |
Energy Efficiency Design Index |
|
EEXI |
Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index |
|
EIB |
European Investment Bank |
|
EIE |
Environmental Insights Explorer |
|
EIT Climate-KIC |
EIT Climate Knowledge & Innovation Community |
|
EJ |
Exajoule |
|
ERA |
European Regions Airline Association |
|
ERPS |
European Parliamentary Research Service |
|
ERRAC |
European Rail Research Advisory Council |
|
ERT |
European Round Table for Industry |
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ESCAP |
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific |
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EST Forum |
Environmentally Sustainable Transport Forum (Asia) |
|
ETERC |
European Transport and Energy Research Centre |
|
ETF |
Enhanced Transparency Framework of the Paris Agreement |
|
ETS |
Emission Trading System |
|
EU |
European Union |
|
EUR |
Euro |
|
Euro 7 |
Latest EU road-vehicle pollutant emission standard |
|
EV |
Electric vehicle |
|
EVE |
France’s voluntary public-private environmental initiative for freight and logistics (“Programme EVE”) |
|
FAME |
Faster Adoptions and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles |
|
FCDO |
UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office |
|
FCEV |
Fuel cell electric vehicle |
|
FDI |
Foreign direct investment |
|
FI(s) |
Financial institution(s) |
|
G7 / G20 |
Group of Seven / Group of Twenty |
|
GAME |
Global Alliance for Maritime Electrification |
|
GBP |
British pound sterling |
|
GCF |
Green Climate Fund |
|
gCO2/kWh |
grams of CO2 per kilowatt-hour |
|
GDP |
Gross domestic product |
|
GEF |
Global Environment Facility |
|
GFDT |
Global Facility to Decarbonize Transport |
|
GFEI |
Global Fuel Economy Initiative |
|
Gg |
Gigagrams |
|
GHG |
Greenhouse gas |
|
GIZ |
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit |
|
GLEC |
Global Logistics Emission Council |
|
GMAC |
Green Maritime Africa Coalition |
|
GSR |
SLOCAT Transport, Climate and Sustainability Global Status Report |
|
GST |
Global Stocktake of the Paris Agreement |
|
GVCs |
Global value chains |
|
GW |
Gigawatts |
|
HAG |
High Ambition Group |
|
HCN |
Health and Climate Network |
|
HDM |
Highway Development and Management Model |
|
HDV |
Heavy-duty vehicle |
|
HEAT |
Health Economic Assessment Tool |
|
HICs |
High-income countries |
|
HVT |
High-Volume Transport Applied Research Programme |
|
IATA |
International Air Transport Association |
|
ICAO |
International Civil Aviation Organization |
|
ICCT |
International Council on Clean Transportation |
|
ICE |
Internal combustion engine |
|
ICLEI |
Local Governments for Sustainability |
|
IDB |
Inter-American Development Bank |
|
IDDRI |
Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations |
|
IEA |
International Energy Agency |
|
IFIEC |
International Federation of Industrial Energy Consumers |
|
IISD |
International Institute for Sustainable Development |
|
IKI |
International Climate Initiative |
|
ILO |
International Labour Organization |
|
IMF |
International Monetary Fund |
|
IMO |
International Maritime Organization |
|
InnovFin |
EU “Finance for Innovators” initiative |
|
InvestEU |
European Commission–backed investment programme |
|
IPCC |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
|
IRA |
Inflation Reduction Act (US) |
|
IRAP |
International Road Assessment Programme |
|
IRENA |
International Renewable Energy Agency |
|
IRF |
International Road Federation |
|
ISM |
Informal and Shared Mobility in Low-and Middle-Income Countries |
|
ISO |
International Organization for Standardization |
|
IsDB |
Islamic Development Bank |
|
ISSB |
International Sustainability Standards Board |
|
ITDP |
Institute for Transport and Development Policy |
|
ITF |
International Transport Forum (OECD) |
|
ITS |
Institute of Transport Studies |
|
ITS-Davis |
Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis |
|
JETPs |
Just Energy Transition Partnerships |
|
JRC |
Joint Research Centre (European Commission) |
|
km |
kilometre |
|
km/lpe |
Kilometres per litre of petrol equivalent (efficiency unit) |
|
kWh |
Kilowatt-Hour |
|
l/100 km |
Litres per 100 kilometres (fuel-consumption unit) |
|
LAC |
Latin America and the Caribbean |
|
LAMAT |
Locally Adapted Modified and Advanced Transport |
|
LAMATA |
Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority |
|
LDCs |
Least developed countries |
|
LDV |
Light-duty vehicle |
|
LEAP |
Leapfrogging to E-mobility Acceleration Partnership (LEAP Fund) |
|
LEDS |
Low-emission development strategy |
|
LEZs |
Low-emission zones |
|
LG-CTA |
Leadership Group for Clean Transport in Asia |
|
LIA |
Labour impact assessment |
|
LMICs |
Low- and middle-income countries |
|
LNG |
Liquified natural gas |
|
LPG |
Liquefied petroleum gas |
|
LRMT |
Lagos Rail Mass Transit |
|
LT-LEDS |
Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy |
|
LTAG |
Long-Term Global Aspirational Goal |
|
LTS |
Long Term Strategies |
|
LUTP |
Leaders in Urban Transport Planning |
|
MaaS |
Mobility-as-a-service |
|
MAC |
Mobility and access |
|
MARPOL |
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships |
|
Mbd |
Million barrels of oil per day |
|
MCS |
Megawatt Charging System (heavy-duty vehicle fast-charging standard) |
|
MDB |
Multilateral development bank |
|
MGPCA |
Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action |
|
MJ |
Megajoule |
|
MNEs |
Multi-national enterprises |
|
MoU |
Memorandum of Understanding |
|
mpg |
Miles per gallon (fuel-economy unit) |
|
MRV |
Emission monitoring, reporting and verification |
|
MTCC |
Maritime Technology Cooperation Centre |
|
Mtoe |
Million tonnes of oil equivalent |
|
N₂O |
Nitrous oxide |
|
NACTO |
National Association of City Transportation Officials |
|
NAMA |
Nationally appropriate mitigation action |
|
NAMATA |
Nairobi Metropolitan Area Transport Authority |
|
NAPA |
National adaptation programme of action |
|
NAP |
National Adaptation Plan |
|
NDC-TIA |
NDC Transport Initiative for Asia |
|
NDC |
Nationally Determined Contribution |
|
NEDC |
New European Driving Cycle |
|
NEM |
National electricity market |
|
NEV |
New energy vehicle |
|
NEVI |
National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (US) Formula Program for charging networks |
|
NO2 |
Nitrogen dioxide |
|
NOx |
Nitrogen oxides (shipping/air quality pollutant) |
|
NTS2 |
Scotland’s National Transport Strategy |
|
NUMO |
New Urban Mobility Alliance |
|
NUMPs |
National Urban Policy and Investment Programmes |
|
NZ |
Net Zero |
|
°C |
Celsius |
|
ODA |
Official development assistance |
|
OECD |
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
|
OEM(s) |
Original equipment manufacturer(s) |
|
PAAPAM |
Pan-African Action Plan for Active Mobility |
|
PATH |
Partnership for Active Travel and Health |
|
PCF |
Product Carbon Footprint |
|
PCREEE |
Pacific Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency |
|
PDR |
People’s Democratic Republic |
|
PIARC |
World Road Association |
|
PIEVC |
Public Infrastructure Engineering Vulnerability Committee |
|
PM |
Particulate matter |
|
PM₂ ₅ |
Fine particulate matter ≤2 5 μm |
|
PPF(s) |
Project Preparation Facility(ies) |
|
PPPs |
Public-private partnerships |
|
PRISM |
Partnership for Research in Informal and Shared Mobility |
|
PTI |
Periodical Technical Inspections |
|
R&D |
Research and development |
|
RAAHI |
Auto-Rickshaw in Amritsar through Holistic Intervention |
|
RED III |
EU Renewable Energy Directive (recast) |
|
REN21 |
Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century |
|
ROG |
Reactive Organic Gases |
|
RSI |
Roadside Inspections |
|
RWP |
(European Commission’s) Roadworthiness Package |
|
SAF |
Sustainable aviation fuels |
|
SBT |
Science Based Targets Initiative |
|
SDGs |
Sustainable Development Goals |
|
sHYpS |
Sustainable Hydrogen-powered Shipping consortium |
|
SIDS |
Small island developing states |
|
SLOCAT |
SLOCAT Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport |
|
SMMT |
Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders |
|
SOE(s) |
State-owned enterprise(s) |
|
SOV |
Service Operation Vessel |
|
SO2 |
Sulphur dioxide |
|
SOx |
Sulphur oxides |
|
SSATP |
Africa Transport Policy Program |
|
STEPS |
Stated Policies Scenario |
|
SULPs |
Sustainable urban logistics plans |
|
SUMPs |
Sustainable urban mobility plans |
|
SUV |
Sport utility vehicles |
|
TAZARA |
Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority |
|
T&E |
Transport & Environment |
|
TDI |
Transport Decarbonisation Index |
|
TEN-T |
Trans-European Transport Network |
|
TEU |
Twenty-foot Equivalent Units |
|
THC |
Total hydrocarbons |
|
THE PEP |
Transport, Health and Environment Pan-European Programme |
|
TICCS |
Infrastructure Company Classification Standard |
|
TUMI |
Transformative Urban Mobility Initiative |
|
U-KNOW |
Knowledge-sharing database (UPPER project) |
|
U-TRANSFER |
Best-practice transfer tool (UPPER project) |
|
UC |
University of California |
|
UCI |
Union Cycliste Internationale |
|
UCL |
University Colleague London |
|
UIC |
International Union of Railways |
|
UITP |
International Association of Public Transport |
|
UKAID |
United Kingdom aid funding (via the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office) |
|
ULEZs |
Ultra-low-emission zones |
|
UN |
United Nations |
|
UNCTAD |
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |
|
UNDESA |
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |
|
UNDP |
United Nations Development Program |
|
UNDRR |
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction |
|
UNECE |
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe |
|
UNEP |
United Nations Environment Programme |
|
UNFCCC |
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
|
UNIDO |
United Nations Industrial Development Organization |
|
UPPER |
Unleashing the Potential of Public Transport in Europe |
|
USA |
United States of America |
|
USD |
United States Dollar |
|
USDN |
Urban Sustainability Directors Network |
|
V1G |
Unidirectional “grid-to-vehicle” smart charging |
|
V2G |
Vehicle-to-grid bidirectional charging |
|
VAT |
Value-added tax |
|
VDA |
German Association of the Automotive Industry |
|
VNO-NCW |
Dutch Employers’ Federation |
|
VLR |
Voluntary local review (of the SDGs) |
|
VNR |
Voluntary national review (of the SDGs) |
|
VREF |
Volvo Research and Educational Foundations |
|
WBA |
World Benchmarking Alliance |
|
WBCSD |
World Business Council for Sustainable Development |
|
WHO |
World Health Organization |
|
WRI |
World Resources Institute |
|
WSC |
World Shipping Council |
|
ZEB |
Zero-emission bus |
|
ZEBRA |
Zero Emission Bus Rapid-deployment Accelerator |
|
ZEMBA |
Zero Emission Maritime Buyers Alliance |
|
ZEV |
Zero-emission vehicle |
|
ZEVWISE |
Zero-Emission Freight Corridors initiative (Drive to Zero/Global Drive to Zero) |
|
ZEZ-F |
Zero-emission zone for freight |
|
ZEZ |
Zero-emission zone |
|
ZIPAR |
Zambia Institute for Policy Analysis and Research |